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Disclaimer: This app is not able to distinguish consistently between stressed closed and open /e/ and /o/ when not marked as "ê" and "é", or "ô" and "ó", as this may require grammatical parsing to disambiguate homographs, or other information which this app does not have. Such phonemes not disambiguated by this app will be displayed as "É/Ê" and as "Ó/Ô", but I have tried to make it distinguish these sounds as much as I reasonably can by using word lists with hundreds of words with these distinctions. |
[] → [] / {}_ _{} {}_{} Example to aspirate ɾ before n or l: [ɾ] → [ɦ] / _{[nl]} ᶞ ᵝ ˠ ʰ ʷ ʱ ˣ ⁿ ʲ ː ˈ ˌ χʎɸɰɺʤʧɁɾθθ̬β̞ð̞ɣ̞ʒʃŋs̺s̪z̺z̪łɦ∅ʝɟɱɲʁɹd̝«»¡¿ |
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Clear all checkboxes. Lock feature checkboxes to prevent clearing them all when selecting a new dialect (more features may be added). Vowel sandhi (Surround any words with _underscores_ to avoid vowel sandhi) Synalepha (Surround any words with _underscores_ to avoid synalepha) Syneresis inside words, e.g. reˈal → [ˈrjaɫ] /a/ open except final unstressed: /a/[-stress] → [ɐ] / _(s)#; otherwise /a/ → [a] /a/ final unstressed not closed: /a/[-stress] → [a] / _# /a/ nasal open: /ã/ → [ã] Affricate /ʃ/: /ʃ/ → [ʧ] Affricate /ʒ/: /ʒ/ → [ʤ] Affricate /d, t/ before [i, ĩ, j]: /d/ → [ʤ]; /t/ → [ʧ] / _{i, ĩ, j} Affricate /d, t/ after [i, ĩ, j]: /d/ → [ʤ]; /t/ → [ʧ] / {i, ĩ, j}_ Palatalized /d, t/ before [i, ĩ, j]: /d/ → [dʲ]; /t/ → [tʲ] / _{i, ĩ, j} [aj] becomes [ɐj] before /m, n/: /aj/ → [ɐj] / _{m, n} [aj] becomes nasalized [ɐ̃j̃] before /m, n/: /aj/ → [ɐ̃j̃] / _{m, n} -ando, -endo and -indo reduced: /ando, endo, indo/ → [ɐnu, enu, inu] /b, d, g/ approximant after vowels or /s/: /b, d, g/ → [β, ð, ɣ] / {V, s}(#)_. Denasalize final unstressed vowels: /Ṽ/ → [V] / V[+stress]..._# Diphthongs reduced to monophthongs: /Vj, Vw/ → /V/ / _]σ Diphthongs ending in [j] reduced to monophthongs: /Vj/ → /V/ / _]σ Diphthongs ending in [j] reduced to monophthongs before /ʃ, ʒ, ɾ/ : /Vj/ → /V/ / _{ʃ, ʒ, ɾ} /e/ not [ɨ] at start of word: /e[-stress]/ → [i] / #_ /ei/ reduced to /e/: [ej] → [e] /ei/ lowered to /ɐj/: [ej] → [ɐj] Paragogic [i] at end of infinitives: /ar, er, ir/ → [ari, êri, iri] / _# I-Epenthesis: C¹C² → C¹iC²; C¹# → C¹i# / C¹[-liquid][-sibilant] Forms of verb "estar" lose es-: /estáɾ, está/ etc. → [taɾ, ta] etc. Aspirate /ʒ/: /ʒ/ → [h] Yod j: /j/ → [j] /l/ with rhotacism at end of syllable: /l/ → [ɾ] / _{C, #} /l/ with rhotacism after consonant: /Cl/ → [Cɾ] / {b, f, g, k, p, v}_{V} Syllable-final /l/ becomes [w]: /l/ → [w] / _{C, #} /l/ lost at end of word: /l/ → ∅ / _# /l/ and /n/ palatalized before [i, ĩ, j]: /l, n/ → [ʎ, ɲ} / _{i, ĩ, j} Ieísmo: /ʎ/ → [j]. /il/ becomes /ilh/: /l/ → [ʎ] / i_. /lh/ becomes [lj]: /ʎ/ → [lj]. /lh/ becomes [l]: /ʎ/ → [l]. Nasal consonants not lost after nasalized vowels in same syllable. Nasalize any vowels followed immediately by a nasal consonant at the start of the next syllable in the same word: /a, e, i, o, u/ → [ɐ̃, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ] / _]σ{/m/, /n/, /ɲ/} Nasalize stressed vowels followed immediately by a nasal consonant at the start of the next syllable in the same word: /á, ê, é, í, ô, ó, ú/ → [ɐ̃, ẽ, ẽ, ĩ, õ, õ, ũ] / _]σ{/m/, /n/, /ɲ/} /nh/ becomes [j̃] and nasalizes preceding vowel: /Vɲ/ → /Ṽj̃/ /ni/ becomes [nhi]: /ni/ → [ɲi] Stressed /ô/ raised to /u/: [ˈo] → [ˈu] /ou/ reduced to /o/: [ow] → [o] /ou/ becomes /oi/: [ow] → [oj] /r/ glottal: /r/ → [ɦ] /r/ voiced uvular: /r/ → [ʁ] /r/ uvular: /r/ → [χ] |
/r/ velar: /r/ → [x] /ɾ/ lost at end of word: /ɾ/ → ∅ / _# /ɾ/ lost at end of syllable: /ɾ/ → ∅ / _]σ /ɾ/ approximant at end of syllable: /ɾ/ → [ɹ] / _{C, #} /ɾ/ uvular at syllable end: /ɾ/ → [χ] / _(#){C̥, $}; /ɾ/ → [ʁ] / _(#)C̬ /ɾ/ velar at syllable end: /ɾ/ → [x] / _(#){C̥, $}; /ɾ/ → [ɦ] / _(#)C̬ /ɾ/ glottal at syllable end: /ɾ/ → [h] / _(#){C̥, $}; /ɾ/ → [ɣ] / _(#)C̬ /ɾ/ and consonant become geminate: /ɾ/ → C / _(#)C /ɾ/ becomes [j] at end of syllable: /ɾ/ → [j] / _{C, #} /s/ apicoalveolar: /s/ → [s̺]; /ç/ → [s] /s, ç, z/ apicoalveolar: /s, ç/ → [s̺]; /z/ → [z̺] Aspirate /s/ at end of syllable: /s/ → [h] / _]σ /s/ coronal: /s/ → [s̪] /s/ palatalized at end of breath group: /s/ → [ʃ] / _$ /s/ palatalized at end of syllable, except before vowel, /s/ or /z/: /s/ → [ʃ] / _]σ{(#)C̥ non /s/, $}; /s/ → [ʒ] / _]σ{(#)C̬ non /z/}; /s/ → [s] / _]σ{(#)s}; /s/ → [z] / _]σ{(#)z, V, $} /s/ palatalized at end of word before stressed vowel: /s/ → [ʒ] / _#V[+stress] /s/ palatalized at end of word before unstressed vowel: /s/ → [ʒ] / _#V[-stress] /s/ palatalized before consonant: /s/ → [ʃ] / _(#)C̥; /s/ → [ʒ] / _(#)C̬ /s/ palatalized before consonant in same word: /s/ → [ʃ] / _C̥; /s/ → [ʒ] / _C̬ /s/ palatalized before /d, n, t, l/: /s/ → [ʃ] / _(#)t; /s/ → [ʒ] / _(#){d, n, l} /s/ lost at end of breath group: /s/ → ∅ / _$ /s/ lost at end of syllable: /s/ → ∅ / _]σ /s/ lost at end of word: /s/ → ∅ / _# /s/ lost before /ce, ci/: /s/ → ∅ / _{ce, ci} /s/ often lost at end of plural nouns, e.g. os livro. Back final unstressed /e/ vowels: /e/[-stress] → [ɨ] / _(s)# Drop final /e, o/ vowels if word pronounceable: /e, o/ → [∅] / (non .Cr, .Cl)_# Offglide before final sibilants in stressed syllables: /V́/ → /V́j/ / _{s, z}# Pretonic vowel /e, o/ raised or lowered to harmonize with stressed vowel in three groups: [a, ε, ɔ], [ɐ, e, o] and [i, u] Open /e, ɛ/ vowels before palatals: /e, ɛ/ → [ɐj] / _{ʎ, ɲ, ʃ, ʒ}; /e, ɛ/ → [ɐ] / _/j/ Open /ẽj̃/: /ẽj̃/ → [ɐ̃j̃] Open final unstressed /e, o/ vowels: /e, o/[-stress] → [ɪ, ʊ] / _(s)# Open pretonic /e, o/ vowels in open syllables: /e, o/ → [ɛ, ɔ] / _]σ...V[+stress] Raise pretonic /e, o/ vowels: /e, o/ → [i, u] / _...V[+stress] Raise pretonic /e, o/ vowels slightly: /e, o/ → [ɪ, ʊ] / _...V[+stress] Raise pretonic /a, e, o/ vowels in open syllables: /a, e, o/ → [ɐ, ɨ, u] / _]σ...V[+stress] Raise posttonic /a, e, o/ vowels in open syllables: /a, e, o/ → [ɐ, i, u] / V[+stress]..._]σ Raise /e/ before palatals: /e/ → [ɨ] / V[+stress]..._{ʃ, ʒ, ʎ, ɲ} Raise /e, ẽ, o, õ/: /e/ → [i]; /ẽ/ → [ĩ]; /o/ → [u]; /õ/ → [ũ] Raise or neutralize posttonic /a, e, o/ vowels in open syllables: /a, e, o/ → [ɐ, ə, u] / V[+stress]..._]σ Reduce /kç, pç/ to /s/, and /kt, pt/ to /t/: /kç, pç/ → [s]; /kt, pt/ → [t] /v/ becomes /b/: [v] → [b, β] /v/ becomes [ɦ] in unstressed syllables: [v] → [ɦ] / _V[-stress] /z/ becomes /ʒ/: [z] → [ʒ] Note: "#" is word boundary. "$" is breath (phonic) group boundary. "]σ" is end of syllable. |
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Alentejan Algarvian Alto-Minhotan Angolan Azorian-Micaelense Bahian Baixo-Beiran or Alto-Alentejan |
Baixo-Minhoto-Duriense Beiran Brasiliense or Candango Cabo-Verdian Caipira Carioca |
Cearense or Costanortenhan Estremenhan Florianopolitan Fluminense Gaucho Goitacan Lisboan |
Madeirense Mineiro or Montanhese Mozambican Nordestinan Nortistan Paulistan Recifense Sertanejan |
Sulistan Timorense Transmontan UruguayanBorder |
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Versão desta pâgina em português